Mavavundi zigawo zofunika kwambiri mu machitidwe oyendetsa madzimadzi, zomwe zimathandiza kulamulira ndi kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi. Mitundu iwiri ya ma valve omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, malonda, ndi nyumba zogona ndivalve pachipatandichekeni valavu. Ngakhale onsewa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera madzimadzi, mapangidwe awo, magwiridwe antchito, ndi magwiridwe antchito amasiyana kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ya ma valve ndikofunikira kuti musankhe valavu yoyenera pa dongosolo linalake.
Bukhuli lidzafufuza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma valve a zipata ndi ma check valves, mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito, mapangidwe, ntchito, ndi zofunikira zosamalira.
1. Tanthauzo ndi Cholinga
Chipata cha Chipata
Valve yachipata ndi mtundu wa valve yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chipata chathyathyathya kapena chofanana ndi mphero (disiki) kuti chiwongolere kutuluka kwa madzi kudzera mupaipi. Kusuntha kwa chipata, chomwe chimakhala chozungulira, chimalola kutsekedwa kwathunthu kapena kutsegula kwathunthu kwa njira yodutsa. Ma valve olowera pachipata amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutulutsa kwathunthu, kosatsekeka kapena kutseka kwathunthu pakufunika. Ndizoyenera kuwongolera / kuzimitsa koma sizoyenera kuwongolera kapena kuwongolera.
Onani Vavu
Chovala chowongolera, kumbali inayo, ndi valve yosabwerera (NRV) yopangidwa kuti ilole madzi kuyenda njira imodzi yokha. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuletsa kubwereranso, komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zida kapena kusokoneza njira. Ma valve owunika amagwira ntchito okha ndipo safuna kulowererapo pamanja. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makina omwe kubweza kumbuyo kungayambitse kuipitsidwa, kuwonongeka kwa zida, kapena kusagwira ntchito bwino.
2. Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito
Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito ya Gate Valve
Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya valve yachipata ndi yosavuta. Pamene chogwirira cha valve kapena actuator chikutembenuzidwa, chipata chimayenda mmwamba kapena pansi pa tsinde la valve. Chipatacho chikakwezedwa mokwanira, chimapereka njira yothamanga yosasunthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsika kochepa. Chipata chikatsitsidwa, chimalepheretsa kutuluka kwathunthu.
Ma valve a zipata samayendetsa bwino kuthamanga kwa magazi, chifukwa kutsegula pang'ono kungayambitse chipwirikiti ndi kugwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuyambitsa / kuyimitsa kwathunthu m'malo mowongolera bwino kayendedwe ka madzi.
Chongani Valve Working Principle
Valve yowunika imagwira ntchito yokha pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzimadzi. Madziwo akamapita komwe akufuna, amakankhira chimbale, mpira, kapena chipwirikiti (malingana ndi kapangidwe kake) pamalo otseguka. Kuthamanga kukayima kapena kuyesa kubwerera, valavu imatseka yokha chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka, backpressure, kapena kasupe.
Kuchita izi kumalepheretsa kubwereranso, komwe kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri pamakina okhala ndi mapampu kapena ma compressor. Popeza palibe kuwongolera kwakunja komwe kumafunikira, ma valve owunika nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati ma valve "passive".
3. Mapangidwe ndi Mapangidwe
Chipata cha Valve Design
Zigawo zazikulu za valve ya gate ndi:
- Thupi: Chophimba chakunja chomwe chimakhala ndi zigawo zonse zamkati.
- Bonnet: Chophimba chochotsa chomwe chimalola kulowa mkati mwa valavu.
- Tsinde: Ndodo ya ulusi yomwe imayendetsa chipatacho m’mwamba ndi pansi.
- Chipata (Disiki): Chigawo chathyathyathya kapena chooneka ngati mphero chomwe chimatchinga kapena kulola kuyenda.
- Mpando: Pamwamba pomwe chipata chimakhala chotsekedwa, kuonetsetsa kuti chisindikizo cholimba.
Ma valve a zipata amatha kugawidwa m'magulu okwera tsinde komanso osakwera. Ma valve a tsinde okwera amapereka zizindikiro zowonetsera ngati valavu ili yotseguka kapena yotsekedwa, pamene mapangidwe a tsinde osakwera amawakonda pamene malo oima ndi ochepa.
Onani Mapangidwe a Vavu
Ma valve owunika amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake:
- Swing Check Valve: Imagwiritsira ntchito chimbale kapena chopukutira chomwe chimazungulira pa hinge. Imatsegula ndi kutseka potengera momwe madzi amayendera.
- Kwezani Vavu Yoyang'ana: Chimbale chimayenda mmwamba ndi pansi molunjika, motsogozedwa ndi positi. Pamene madzi akuyenda m'njira yoyenera, diski imakwezedwa, ndipo pamene kutuluka kwayima, diski imatsika kuti isindikize valve.
- Mpira Wowunika Vavu: Amagwiritsa ntchito mpira kuti atseke njira yoyenda. Mpira umapita kutsogolo kuti madzi aziyenda komanso m'mbuyo kuti atseke kutuluka kwa reverse.
- Piston Check Valve: Yofanana ndi valavu yokweza koma yokhala ndi pisitoni m'malo mwa diski, yopereka chisindikizo cholimba.
- Mapangidwe a valavu ya cheki amatengera zofunikira za dongosolo, monga mtundu wamadzimadzi, kuthamanga, ndi kuthamanga.
5. Mapulogalamu
Mapulogalamu a Gate Valve
- Njira Zoperekera Madzi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa kapena kuletsa madzi kuyenda m'mapaipi.
- Mapaipi a Mafuta ndi Gasi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzipatula kwa mizere ya ndondomeko.
- Njira Zothirira: Yang'anirani kayendedwe ka madzi pazaulimi.
- Zomera Zamagetsi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina onyamula nthunzi, gasi, ndi madzi ena otentha kwambiri.
Onani Mapulogalamu a Valve
- Pampu Systems: Pewani kubwereranso pamene mpope wazimitsidwa.
- Zomera Zochizira Madzi: Pewani kuipitsidwa ndi kubwerera mmbuyo.
- Zomera Zopangira Chemical: Pewani kusakanikirana kwa mankhwala chifukwa chobwerera m'mbuyo.
- HVAC Systems: Pewani kubweza kwa madzi otentha kapena ozizira m'makina otentha ndi ozizira.
Mapeto
Onsema valve pachipatandifufuzani ma valvezimagwira ntchito zofunika m'makina amadzimadzi koma zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Avalve pachipatandi valavu yapawiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa kapena kuyimitsa kutuluka kwamadzimadzi, pomwe achekeni valavundi valavu unidirectional ntchito kuteteza kubwerera. Ma valve a zipata amagwira ntchito pamanja kapena pawokha, pomwe ma cheke amadzimadzi amagwira ntchito popanda kulowererapo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kusankha valavu yolondola kumadalira zosowa zenizeni za dongosolo. Pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira kupewa kubweza mmbuyo, gwiritsani ntchito valavu yoyendera. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito komwe kuli kofunikira kuwongolera madzimadzi, gwiritsani ntchito valve yachipata. Kusankhidwa koyenera, kuyika, ndi kukonza ma valve awa kudzaonetsetsa kuti dongosolo likuyenda bwino, kudalirika, ndi moyo wautali.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-12-2024